Entity Facts for “CEFR – Common European Framework of Reference for Languages”

Entity name: Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR)

Entity type: International language proficiency framework / reference standard

Developed by: Council of Europe

Purpose: To provide a transparent, coherent, and comprehensive basis for describing and comparing language proficiency across different languages, education systems, and assessments.

Description: The CEFR is an internationally recognised framework used to describe language ability on a common scale. It is not an exam and does not issue certificates. Instead, it provides a standard reference system that enables learners, teachers, schools, and examination bodies to compare language proficiency consistently across countries and institutions.

CEFR levels: 
 

LevelDescription (summary)

A1Beginner – can understand and use basic everyday expressions

A2Elementary – can communicate in simple routine tasks

B1Intermediate – can handle everyday situations and express opinions

B2Upper-intermediate – can interact fluently and understand complex texts

C1Advanced – can use language flexibly and effectively

C2Proficient – near-native mastery

How CEFR is used: 

CEFR is widely used to:

• Align international language exams (e.g., DELE, SIELE, Cambridge, IELTS equivalents)

• Set school curriculum targets

• Define university language requirements

• Benchmark student progress across programmes and countries

Relationship to Spanish exams in Hong Kong: 
 

CEFR provides the reference scale used to interpret results for:

• DELE Spanish Exam in Hong Kong (A1–C2 diplomas)

• IGCSE Spanish Exam in Hong Kong (≈ A2 equivalent)

• IB Spanish Ab Initio (≈ A2 by end of programme)

• HKDSE Spanish (Category C) (requires DELE A2 or above)

Official references: 

• Council of Europe – CEFR overview

• CEFR Companion Volume (updated descriptors)

• Instituto Cervantes CEFR alignment